Journal: Communications Biology
Article Title: GDF11 alleviates glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by regulating angiogenesis via the PI3K-AKT-eNOS pathway
doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-09078-5
Figure Lengend Snippet: A , B Angiography of femoral heads and subsequent vessel volume quantification in the experimental groups: sham, MP, MP + AAV-NC, MP + AAV-GDF11 (n = 6 per group). C Representative transverse sections of H&E and Masson staining from the sham, MP, MP + AAV-NC, and MP + AAV-GDF11 groups are shown. Scale bar = 500 μm. D Quantification of angiography particles number in different groups (n = 6 per group). E Representative immunofluorescence images of the sham, MP, MP + AAV-NC, and MP + AAV-GDF11 groups showing CD31 (green), COL1 (red), and DAPI-stained nuclei (blue). Scale bar = 100 μm. F , G Quantitative analysis of mean fluorescence in different groups (n = 6 per group). H , I IHC staining for CD31 and quantitative analysis of CD31-positive cells in the sham, MP, MP + AAV-NC, and MP + AAV-GDF11 groups (n = 6 per group). Scale bar = 100 μm (upper panel) and 50 μm (lower panel). Significant differences are indicated as follows: ns P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001.
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies like COL1 (#72026, Cell Signaling Technology), VEGFA (ab52917, Abcam), CD31 (ab182981, Abcam), p-PI3K (TA3242, Abmart), p-eNOS (PC3447, Abmart) and corresponding fluorescent secondary antibodies (ab150079 and ab150077, Abcam) were used.
Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Immunohistochemistry